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Networking-Tutorial

 
 

Copper Media

 

Copper cable is used in almost every LAN. Many different types of copper cable are available, with each type having advantages and disadvantages. Proper selection of cabling is key to efficient network operation. copper carries information using electrical current,
Cable Specifications:
Cables have different specifications and expectations pertaining to performance:
• Speeds for data transmission(affected by the kind of conduit used.)
• Kind of transmission being considered(Digital or baseband transmission and analog-based or broadband transmission are the two choices. )
• The distance a signal can travel through a particular type of cable before attenuation of that signal. (Will the signal become so degraded that the recipient device might not be able to accurately receive and interpret the signal by the time the signal reaches that device? Attenuation refers to the resistance to the flow of electrons and why a signal becomes degraded as it travels along the conduit.)
Coaxial cable technology is well known. It has been used for many years for many types of data communication, including cable television. Coaxial cable consists of a hollow outer cylindrical conductor that surrounds a single inner wire made of two conducting elements. For LANs, coaxial cable can be run longer distances without the need for regenerating the signals in a network.
Some examples of Ethernet specifications which relate to cable type include:
• 10BASE-T
• 10BASE5
• 10BASE2
10BASE-T refers to the speed of transmission at 10 Mbps. The type of transmission is baseband, or digitally interpreted. The T stands for twisted pair.
10BASE5 refers to the speed of transmission at 10 Mbps. The type of transmission is baseband, or digitally interpreted. The 5 represents the capability of the cable to allow the signal to travel for approximately 500 meters before attenuation could disrupt the ability of the receiver to appropriately interpret the signal being received. 10BASE5 is often referred to as Thicknet. Thicknet is actually a type of network, while 10BASE5 is the cabling used in that network. Thicknet cable is almost never used anymore, except for special purpose installations.
10BASE2 follows the same naming sequence(200 meters).10BASE2 is often referred to as Thinnet. Thinnet is actually a type of network, while 10BASE2 is the cabling used in that network.
Shielded twisted-pair cable (STP) combines the techniques of shielding, cancellation, and twisting of wires. Each pair of wires is wrapped in metallic foil. The four pairs of wires are wrapped in an overall metallic braid or foil. It is usually 150-Ohm cable. As specified for use in Ethernet network installations, STP reduces electrical noise within the cable such as pair to pair coupling and crosstalk. STP also reduces electronic noise from outside the cable, for example electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI).
Unshielded twisted-pair cable (UTP) is a four-pair wire medium used in a variety of networks. Each of the 8 individual copper wires in the UTP cable is covered by insulating material. In addition, each pair of wires is twisted around each other. This type of cable relies solely on the cancellation effect produced by the twisted wire pairs, to limit signal degradation caused by EMI and RFI. To further reduce crosstalk between the pairs in UTP cable, the number of twists in the wire pairs varies

 
 
 

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